Using Operators

Operators are symbols like "+" and "-" that link variables and numbers together to form expressions. The variables and numbers linked together are called operands.

For example, in

ax + y

the operands for the "+" are x and y. The operands for the exponent operator are a and the expression x + y.

Inserting an Operator

Insert arithmetic operators in Mathcad using standard keystrokes, like * and +. Alternatively, all of Mathcad's operators can be inserted from the Math toolbars. Choose Toolbars from the View menu to see all the Math toolbars.

The available Math toolbars are:

Custom Operators

Since operators and functions are really the same, in that they both take arguments (operands) and return results, Mathcad allows you to define your own operators, just as you can define your own functions. You can define operators to accept one (unary) or two (binary) operands. You can give these operators whatever symbol you like.

When you use a Mathcad built-in operator, it's been precoded to know where to put placeholders for its operands. For custom operators, you need to use special formatting buttons from the Evaluation toolbar that allow you to display and use functions as operators. Also, see notes on typing special symbols.

Operator Keystrokes

Note that some of these operators are overloaded, in that they have different meaning depending on whether their arguments are scalars, vectors, or matrices. Different operations are described with individual operators. These keystrokes produce the operator in a blank space or in an equation, with one exception, the " key, which produces a new text region in a blank space or a string variable in a blank placeholder.

Display

Keystroke

 Operator

:=

:

definition

=

=

evaluation

~

global definition

+

+

addition

+ ...

[Ctrl][Enter]

Addition with linebreak

Negation or subtraction

·

*

Multiplication or inner (dot) product

y divided by x

/

Division

÷

[Ctrl] /

In-line division

..

; (semicolon)

Precedes last number in range

\

Square root

n

[Ctrl] \

Nth root

xy

^

Exponentiation or matrix inverse

d/dx

?

Differentiation

dn/dxn

[Ctrl][Shift] /

Nth derivative

&

Integration

v[MC]

[Ctrl][Shift] N

Namespace subscript

vi

[

Array subscript

M<n>

[Ctrl] 6

Column selection

×

[Ctrl] 8

Cross product

vectorize operator example

[Ctrl] −

Vectorize

|x|

|

Magnitude or determinant

M^T

[Ctrl] 1

Transpose

complex cinjugate of x

"

Complex conjugate

Σ

[Ctrl][Shift] 4

Summation

Σ

$

Range sum

Σv

[Ctrl] 4

Sum of elements in vector

Π

[Ctrl][Shift] 3

Product

Π

#

Range product

n!

!

Factorial

=

[Ctrl] =

Equal to

[Ctrl] 3

Not equal

<

<

Less than

>

>

Greater than

[Ctrl] 9

Less than or equal

[Ctrl] 0

Greater than or equal

Boolean AND

[Ctrl][Shift] 7

Boolean AND

not

[Ctrl][Shift] 1

Boolean NOT

Boolean OR

[Ctrl][Shift] 6

Boolean OR

exclusive or

[Ctrl][Shift] 5

Boolean XOR

mixed-number operator

[Ctrl][Shift] =

Mixed-number operator

Typography Operators

Some operators are keyboard shortcuts for display only. More placeholders may appear in a math expression, but they don't imply a calculation.

Display

Keystroke

Operator

()

' (apostrophe)

Matched pair of parentheses

A1

. (period)

Literal subscript

α

a[Ctrl]g

Greek characters

Symbolic Operators

Display

Keystroke

Operator

 

[Ctrl] . (period)

Symbolic evaluation

 

[Ctrl][Shift] . (period)

Symbolic evaluation using keywords

 

[Ctrl] I

indefinite integral

 

[Ctrl] L

Limit

 

[Ctrl] A

Right-hand limit

 

[Ctrl] B

Left-hand limit